Influence of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Amino Acid Interaction on Fresh and Dry Weight of Moringa Oleifera L. Callus: A Biotechnological Approach

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera L. is a medicinally significant plant with bioactive compounds that have potential applications in pharmacology and pathology. Plant tissue culture techniques, particularly callus induction, provide a controlled system for studying secondary metabolite production and optimizing growth parameters. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of auxin (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 2,4-D) and cytokinin (Benzyl adenine - BA) interactions, supplemented with amino acids (Tryptophan and Phenylalanine), on fresh and dry weight accumulation in Moringa oleifera L. callus cultures. Methods: Callus induction was performed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 2,4-D (1, 2 mg/L), BA (0, 2 mg/L), Tryptophan (5, 10, 25 mg/L), and Phenylalanine (50, 100, 200 mg/L). Fresh and dry weights of the callus were recorded and statistically analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test. Results: Among the tested treatments, 2,4-D (1 mg/L) + Tryptophan (5 mg/L) demonstrated the highest fresh and dry weight accumulation in callus cultures, suggesting an optimal hormonal and amino acid interaction. Additionally, the combination of 2,4-D (2 mg/L) + BA (2 mg/L) + Phenylalanine (200 mg/L) showed a significant increase in both parameters compared to other treatments. Conclusion: The study confirms that the interaction between auxins, cytokinins, and amino acids plays a crucial role in enhancing callus biomass in Moringa oleifera L. The findings have potential applications in pharmaceutical research, particularly for optimizing secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants using plant tissue culture techniques.