Assessment of Masticatory Function and Its Relationship with Nutritional Status in 12-Year-Old Children

Abstract

Background: Mastication plays a critical role in preparing food for digestion, and its efficiency may be influenced by nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate masticatory parameters, specifically maximum bite force, among 12-year-old children in relation to their nutritional status and demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, involving 400 children (194 boys and 206 girls) aged 12 years from Baghdad City. Maximum bite force was measured using a biting force sensor, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m²) to categorize nutritional status. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Chi-squared tests to assess associations between variables. Results: Maximum bite force was highest among obese children (237.589 ± 60.157 N). Boys exhibited significantly higher maximum bite force compared to girls. A strong association was observed between BMI categories and maximum bite force, indicating that nutritional status significantly influences masticatory efficiency. Conclusion: Maximum bite force is significantly influenced by gender and nutritional status as reflected by BMI. These findings highlight the importance of considering nutritional and demographic factors in evaluating masticatory function in children.