Pathological Outcomes of Early Diagnosed Tethered Cord Syndrome (TCS) on Surgical Interventions: A Laboratory and Clinical Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of early diagnosis on the surgical outcomes of Tethered Cord Syndrome (TCS) among pediatric patients in Iraq, focusing on the role of preoperative diagnostic tools and their correlation with postoperative results. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 50 children diagnosed with TCS at various hospitals across Iraq from January 1, 2020, to February 2, 2022. The study evaluated the efficacy of surgical detethering procedures and investigated the predictive value of preoperative radiological measurements, including the distance of the conus medullaris from the anterior canal and the degree of spinal curvature. Results: Early detection of TCS was associated with improved surgical outcomes, particularly in alleviating pain and motor deficits. However, improvements in bladder dysfunction were less pronounced. Preoperative radiological indicators were effective in predicting surgical success and identifying patients at increased risk for postoperative complications. Despite the surgical benefits observed, the data underscores the need for further pathological and clinical studies to address the gaps in managing occult tethered cord syndrome (OTCS). Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention significantly enhance the prognosis for children with TCS. This study highlights the critical role of advanced diagnostic imaging in optimizing surgical outcomes and suggests a need for ongoing research to refine treatment strategies for TCS, particularly in occult cases. Pathological examinations and further scientific analysis are essential to better understand the underlying mechanisms and improve management protocols.