Hadeel R. Rashad
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Aseel Haidar M. J. Al Haidar
Assist. Prof, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Background: Candida albicans is one of the most prevalent fungal pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections and root canal failures. The search for biocompatible, plant-based intracanal irrigants with antifungal properties has gained increasing attention in dental microbiology and endodontic therapy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Rhamnus prinoides leaf extract as a natural intracanal irrigation solution against Candida albicans, comparing its effectiveness to conventional endodontic irrigants. Methods: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Rhamnus prinoides leaves were prepared and tested against Candida albicans using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The antifungal activity was compared with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX), which are commonly used in root canal disinfection. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using MTT assay on human gingival fibroblast cells to ensure biocompatibility. Results: The ethanol extract of Rhamnus prinoides exhibited a significant zone of inhibition (p < 0.05) against Candida albicans, comparable to 2% chlorhexidine, while the aqueous extract showed moderate antifungal activity. The MIC values confirmed that higher concentrations of the extract effectively inhibited fungal growth. Cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility at clinically relevant concentrations. Conclusion: Rhamnus prinoides leaf extract demonstrates promising antifungal properties as an alternative intracanal irrigant against Candida albicans. Its natural bioactive compounds may serve as a potential adjunct in endodontic disinfection protocols, reducing reliance on synthetic irrigants while maintaining antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility. Further research is warranted to explore its mechanism of action, long-term stability, and clinical applications in endodontics.
Keywords: Candida Albicans, Plant Extracts, Rhamnus Prinoides, Sodium Hypochlorite.
