Hassan Aziz Fadil Alzaydi
Uiviversity of Babylon, College of Science, Departmenf of Biology
Basheer Abdulhamza Mohammed Alalwani
Babylon Uiviversity, College of Science, Departmenf of Biology
ABSTRACT
Background: Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant known for its high antioxidant capacity, largely attributed to its enzymatic defense system. The manipulation of plant tissue culture conditions, including amino acid supplementation, can influence the production of antioxidant enzymes, which have potential biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tryptophan and phenylalanine supplementation on the activity of key antioxidant enzymes—catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)—in Moringa oleifera callus cultures. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the College of Science, University of Babylon, using Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of tryptophan (5, 10, 25 mM) and phenylalanine (50, 100, 200 ppm). Growth regulators, including 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Adenine (BA), were also added at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L. The enzymatic activity of CAT, SOD, and POD was measured spectrophotometrically to determine the impact of these treatments on the plant's antioxidant defense system. Results: The results demonstrated a significant influence of amino acid supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity. Catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in the presence of tryptophan (2,4-D 1 mg/L + BA 0.5 mg/L + Try 10 mM) and phenylalanine (2,4-D 1 mg/L + BA 0.5 mg/L + Ph 50 ppm). Peroxidase activity showed the highest increase at tryptophan (2,4-D 2 mg/L + Try 25 mM) and phenylalanine (2,4-D 1 mg/L + Ph 100 ppm) concentrations. Conclusion: The findings indicate that amino acid supplementation in tissue culture enhances the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in Moringa oleifera callus. This suggests a potential strategy for optimizing the production of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, which may have applications in pharmacology, laboratory medicine, and therapeutic research. Further studies are recommended to explore the biochemical pathways involved and the potential use of Moringa oleifera extracts in clinical settings.
Keywords: Antioxidant Enzymes, 2.4- Dichlorophenoxyiacetic Acid, Benzyl Adanine, Tryptophan, Phenyl Alalnine, Moringa Olefera, Callus.
